Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses

In 2007, the Estonian Government experienced a massive cyber terrorist attack on its economic and political infrastructure. Western countries joined forced to minimize the effects of the cyber attacks. Argues that globalization and the Internet have enabled transnational actors, such as the Russian-speaking diaspora, to threaten nation-states through cyber terrorism. Sophisticated an untraceable “hacktivists” are capable of disrupting government activity, bank transactions, city power grids, and military weapon systems. Concludes that nation-states must cooperate in collaborative cyber-defense strategies and exploit the advantages of interdependence, globalization, and digital interconnectedness to counteract the devastating effects of cyber terrorism.