Social and political barriers to green tax reform: The case of CO2-taxes in Norway

In this paper is the story of several attempts to tax Norwegian mainland emissions intensive industries during the 1990s. These industries, mainly made up of aluminum and ferro-alloy producers located in the Norwegian countryside, and a series of planned gas-powered power stations along the coast, have enjoyed full exemption from CO2-taxes during a period in which relatively high CO2-taxes have been imposed on Norwegian consumers and some other industries.